The null Killing surfaces for the Kerr-Newman solution to the Einstein field equations is discussed, derived and plotted. For some parameters of the mass m, the angular momentum per unit mass a, and the charge e, the plots show some very unusual features.
https://www.gemarsh.com/wp-content/uploads/Null-Killing-Surf-of-the-Kerr-Kerr-Newman-Sol-1.pdf
A force-free magnetic field configuration is a state of minimum energy under the constraint of magnetic helicity conservation. It is shown here that force-free magnetic field configurations that can be used for ball lightening can have alpha in the force-free field equation a scalar function rather than a simple constant. Such fields have been proposed to contain the plasma of ball lightning.
The basic physics for plasma core rocket engines was already completed in 1985. At the time successful containment of a fissioning uranium hexafluoride U(93%)F6 plasma was achieved for ~120 seconds using an argon vortex. Unfortunately, hydrodynamic confinement of a fissioning fuel in a gas core nuclear rocket without uranium loss is probably unachievable. This article proposes a plasma core that is magnetically contained and uses one of many possible stable force-free magnetic field configurations.
It is currently believed that baryon number conservation must be violated to produce a preponderance of baryons over anti-baryons in the early universe. An alternative to violating baryon number conservation is given here that preserves CPT invariance.
Here is the link:
https://www.gemarsh.com/wp-content/uploads/Baryon-Antibaryon-Asymmetry-in-the-Early-Universe.pdf
The Kerr-Newman solution to the Einstein field equations has a flat region spanning the ring singularity in the solution; which, unlike the Kerr solution, is not a disk. The nature of this region and its relation to the singularity are the subjects of this paper
https://www.gemarsh.com/wp-content/uploads/FLAT-REGIONS-NEAR-THE-KERR-NEWMAN-SINGULARITY-Rev1.pdf
The null Killing surfaces for the Kerr and Kerr-Newman solutions to the Einstein field equations are discussed, derived and plotted. For some parameters of the mass m, the angular momentum per unit mass a, and the charge e, the plots show some unusual features, particularly of the Kerr-Newman metric.
https://www.gemarsh.com/wp-content/uploads/Null-Killing-Surf-of-the-Kerr-Kerr-Newman-Sol.pdf
The concept of exotic charged dust is introduced here to represent dark matter. The term “exotic” means that the dust is not composed of normal matter, and the charge-for lack of a better term-is not an electric charge. It is also shown that the often-used approximate
expression for dark matter density corresponds to an exact solution of the coupled Einstein-Maxwell equations for charged dust. The Einstein field equations tells us is that for a flat universe the cosmological constant acts as a gravitating negative energy distribution that is gravitationally repulsive; following Schwinger, it is shown that the vacuum must have a negative energy spectrum if QFT is to be gauge invariant.
http://arxiv.org/abs/2406.15461
International Journal of Modern Physics D, Vol. 34, No. 3 (2025) 2550012
There are no known analytic solutions to the force-free magnetic field equations in coordinates representing Dupin cyclides. Here it is shown that force-free fields can not only have solutions for toroids, as was shown in an earlier paper, but also for cyclides. The fact that the curvature lines of Dupin cyclides are all circles is used to derive a force-free magnetic field on the surface of an elliptic Dupin cyclide.
The paper is available at: http://arxiv.org/abs/2310.17673
While there are no known analytic solutions for force-free magnetic fields in toroidal coordinates, with a reasonable boundary condition it is possible to find a solution for the surface field and, with a restriction on the form of the field, to the interior of the torus as well. Published in Physics of Plasmas (vol. 30, Issue 5); online 17 May 2023.
Here is the link to the paper:
https://www.gemarsh.com/wp-content/uploads/POP23-AR-00182.pdf
It has been argued since 1948, when it was experimentally demonstrated, that the Casimir effect— where two non-charged conducting plates have a weak but measurable force on each other dependent on the inverse fourth power of the distance between them — shows the reality of vacuum zero-point fluctuations. This “proof” of the reality of vacuum fluctuations has been repeated in many quantum field theory books and papers subsequent to 1948. The attractive force is generally ascribed to the difference in zero-point energy of the electromagnetic field between the plates and the vacuum external to them. As is well known, zero-point vacuum fluctuations are incompatible with relativistic physics and are at the root of the “cosmological constant” problem. Most texts on quantum mechanics and quantum field theory eliminate the vacuum energy by normal ordering or some other mechanism. These issues are explored in this paper and it is pointed out that a means to resolve them already exists.
QUANTUM-FLUCTUATIONS-THE-CASIMIR-EFFECT-AND-THE-HISTORICAL-BURDEN.pdf